Tumor in a dog: how to help your pet?

Tumors in dogs are a sensitive topic. Because they’re common in virtually all breeds and ages, many owners are hesitant to discuss the topic. However, recognizing the disease is the first step toward early diagnosis, which is essential for the animal’s treatment and recovery.

Medicine has been making progress in combating this condition, and knowledge is the main weapon against complications. Therefore, we invited Petz veterinarian Dr. Sheila Molina to answer common questions about tumors in dogs. Continue reading to learn more about the topic.

What is a tumor in a dog?

Also known as canine neoplasia , a tumor is the abnormal multiplication of certain cells, resulting in excessive tissue mass. This multiplication occurs due to a disruption in cellular mitosis.

Tumors in any location can be benign or malignant, depending on the characteristics of the cells and their ability to spread to other tissues. Malignant tumors are what we commonly call cancer.

However, regardless of the classification, every tumor should be investigated by a professional. It’s so common that the rate of dogs with the disease is high compared to other pets.

What are the types of tumors in dogs?

Neoplasia can occur in various tissues. Therefore, there are numerous types of tumors that can significantly affect dogs. The most affected area in females is the breasts . Males, on the other hand, tend to develop the condition in the testicles.

Finally, splenic tumors (i.e., tumors in the dog’s spleen ), hepatic tumors (in the liver), cutaneous tumors (in the skin), hematopoietic tumors (in the blood) and bone tumors are also common and can affect both sexes.

Dogs can also develop other types of tumors, depending on their age, breed, and risk factors, such as paw tumors in dogs .

Can you spot the symptoms of a tumor in a dog?

So, how do you identify a tumor in a dog ? Because cancer can have different clinical manifestations, identifying the condition can be challenging.

According to the veterinarian, identifying cancer symptoms is also a difficult task, as many conditions are completely different. However, the professional highlights some signs that may indicate the presence of a tumor in a dog:

nodules on the body;
swelling or swelling;
weakness ;
progressive weight loss;
apathy;
wounds;
difficulty in eating;
vomiting;
diarrhea with or without blood.

How do diagnosis and treatment work?

A veterinarian who receives a dog with a suspected tumor will perform a series of procedures. A history and physical examination are the first steps. The specialist may then order a series of tests, depending on the type of tumor.

X-rays, CT scans, ultrasounds, blood tests, and other tests can be performed to rule out all possible causes of the disease. “Once the tumor is identified, cytology and biopsy are also extremely important,” emphasizes Dr. Sheila Molina. These tests can identify the type of neoplasm, which will help determine the most effective treatment.

Veterinary science also offers several treatment options. As research advances, new approaches may be suggested. Check out the most common methods currently available.

Surgery

This involves removing the affected area and is usually effective for both external and internal tumors. The important thing is that the tumor can be removed with a safe margin, which is especially true for those with well-defined contours.

Surgical intervention for benign tumors in dogs is recommended based on the veterinarian’s individual assessment of the pet. In this case, the veterinarian primarily assesses whether the size and location are affecting the animal’s well-being.

Chemotherapy

This is the use of antineoplastic drugs that destroy tumor cells or prevent their multiplication. It is indicated for the treatment of various types of canine cancer, such as lymphoma, mast cell tumor, and hemangiosarcoma.

Despite the negative view many caregivers have of the process, treatment doesn’t always weaken the animal. “Chemotherapy in dogs uses protocols with higher tolerance doses than in humans,” explains veterinarian Sheila.

Electrochemotherapy

This therapy acts directly on the site of the problem and is typically used primarily to ensure a greater margin of safety after tumor removal. It’s also very useful in areas of the body where extensive tissue removal isn’t possible, such as the limbs, head, and neck.

There are two main approaches to this technique. The less common approach involves applying the treatment only to the affected area. The most common approach combines intravenous chemotherapy with small electrical pulses at the surgical site. This combination allows the medication to act only on the treated area, avoiding any side effects on the rest of the body.

How to avoid tumors?

Preventing cancer in dogs can be quite complex. Due to their genetic makeup, many dogs are prone to developing the condition. As Dr. Sheila emphasizes, some breeds have a higher incidence of neoplasms:

• Boxer;
  Rottweiler;
  Pittbull ;
  Labrador;
  Poodle;
  Pug;
  French Bulldog;
  Golden Retriever.

In addition to genetic predisposition, age is a risk factor. Older dogs are more likely to develop the disease, whether it’s a tumor on the dog’s skin or internal organs. Therefore, the veterinarian offers some tips to maintain your pet’s health and reduce the risk of developing a tumor. Check them out below.

Food and physical activities

Proper nutrition is crucial to preventing obesity (which contributes to the development of tumors) and other diseases. Choose high-quality, Super Premium options.

Many pet owners also opt for a natural, highly palatable diet. It’s another effective alternative; however, it’s important to remember that the diet should always be prescribed by a veterinarian specializing in nutrition.

Finally, promote regular physical activity. Besides helping with weight control, exercise supports the circulatory system and helps improve immunity.

Castration and periodic consultations

Spaying is recommended because many tumors are related to the reproductive organs. Despite myths surrounding animal sterilization, it is an effective way to prevent some types of cancer, especially breast cancer, especially when the procedure is performed at the age recommended by a professional.

Also, remember to take your pet for regular visits to the veterinarian. The vet will order routine exams and identify changes in your pet’s body, which helps with early diagnosis.